基于非圆球模式的大气超细颗粒物在沉积和凝并共同作用下的动力学模型研究

数值模拟了封闭环境内非球形超细颗粒物的动力学演化,以探讨颗粒物的沉积和凝并行为.采用泰勒展开方法导出了描述颗粒物动力学这两种行为共同作用的矩方程.通过与实验结果对比表明:本文得出的矩方程相对于传统的矩方程模型更适于刻画颗粒物的扩散和重力沉积,能够精确地预测它们的动力学演变过程.通过将颗粒形状参数(分形维数,Df)纳入原始动力学方程,使得颗粒物凝并模型可以较为准确地描述真实情况下非球形颗粒的凝并行为.此外在高颗粒物浓度条件下,得出颗粒物的演变主要受到凝并作用的影响,沉积作用则相对较弱.     

具有端部约束的碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的高温弯矩分析

目前国内外对混凝土结构的抗火性能评估几乎都是针对独立构件开展的,很少考虑相邻构件之间的相互约束作用。实际火灾调查与明火试验表明,结构中构件的火灾行为与独立构件有着较明显的差别。本文开展了具有端部约束的碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的高温反应分析,揭示了轴向/转动约束刚度比、梁截面尺寸、跨度、荷载比、加固量、配筋率、保护层厚度和防火涂料厚度等参数对ISO834标准升温作用下约束加固梁的梁端弯矩的影响规律。在此基础上,给出了高温下约束加固梁的梁端弯矩实用计算方法。研究表明:①随着升温时间的增加,约束加固梁的梁端弯矩总体呈现先逐渐增大而后渐趋平缓的趋势;②防火保护(即使防火涂料厚度只有10mm)对高温下约束加固梁的梁端弯矩影响显著。     

MULTIFRACTAL SCALING OF DAILY RUNOFF TIME SERIES IN AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS1

Abstract: Multifractal scaling behavior of long-term records of daily runoff time series in 32 subwatersheds covering a wide range of sizes was examined. These subwatersheds were associated with four agricultural watersheds with different climates and topography. The empirical moment scaling curves obtained using the trace moment method showed that the runoff time series exhibited a multifractal behavior, which was valid over a time scale range from one day to about three years. The multi-fractal scaling of the runoff time series was well described by the Universal Multifractal Model. The spectral analysis (β < 1) and the order of fractional integration (H ⋍; 0) indicated that the runoff time series were conservative. The multifractal parameters, α (multifractal index) and C₁ (co-dimension), were reasonably close to each other for subwatersheds within each of the watersheds and were generally similar among the four watersheds. The α values of the four watersheds were 1.10 ± 0.13, 1.61 ± 0.06,1.61 ± 0.24, and 1.63 ± 0.19. The C₁ values of four watersheds were 0.19 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.17 ± 0.04, and 0.11 ± 0.02. The multifractal analyses provided useful insight into the runoff time series, especially the occurrence and distribution of extreme events.     

Magnetic properties of the microorganism Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis

Magnetotactic microorganisms use the interaction of internal biomineralized nanoparticles with the geomagnetic field to orientate. The movement of the magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis under an applied magnetic field was observed. A method using digital image processing techniques was used to track the organism trajectory to simultaneously obtain its body radius, velocity, U-turn diameter, and the reorientation time. The magnetic moment was calculated using a self-consistent method. The distribution of magnetic moments and radii present two well-characterized peaks at (9 ± 2) × 10⁻¹⁵ and (20 ± 3) × 10⁻¹⁵ A m² and (3.6 ± 0.1) and (4.3 ± 0.1) μm, respectively. For the first time, simultaneous determination of the distribution of the organism radii and magnetic moment was obtained from the U-turn method by a new digital imaging processing. The bimodal distributions support an organism reproduction process model based on electron microscopy observations. These results corroborate the prokaryote multicellular hypothesis for Candidatus M. multicellularis.     

钢筋混凝土梁正截面率相关特性分析

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正,引入了应变率的影响,并利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率进行了数值分析。分析考虑2种情况:①只考虑混凝土的动态特性;②既考虑混凝土的动态特性,也考虑钢筋的动态特性。结果表明,对于适筋梁,混凝土的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率的影响很小,但是钢筋的动态特性的影响比较大;而对于超筋梁,混凝土的动态特性和钢筋的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率都有显著影响。     

应变率效应对钢筋混凝土柱的影响

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,引入了应变率的影响,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正;针对只考虑混凝土的动态特性和既考虑混凝土的动态特性、也考虑钢筋的动态特性这两种情况,利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土柱的动态特性进行了数值分析。结果表明,混凝土的动态特性对于大偏心柱的承载力影响很小,但对于小偏心柱的极限承载力影响显著;钢筋的动态特性对大、小偏心柱的极限弯矩和极限曲率都有明显的影响。本文还分析了柱的极限弯矩、极限曲率和极限轴力随偏心距变化的规律。